First-Time Homebuyer? Everything You Need to Know Before Buying Your First Home
Buying your first home is an exciting milestone, but knowing where to start can feel overwhelming. Between mortgage pre-approvals, credit scores, down payments, closing costs, and paperwork, there's a lot to understand before getting the keys to your new home.
The good news? You don't have to figure it all out on your own.
Whether you're looking to purchase your first home in Indiana or Kentucky, understanding the homebuying process can help you feel more confident and prepared.
At Riverside Mortgage, we believe an informed homebuyer is a confident homebuyer. Here's what you need to know before taking your first step toward homeownership.
1. Start With Mortgage Pre-Approval
Before you start looking at homes, one of the best things you can do is get pre-approved for a mortgage.
A mortgage pre-approval is when a lender reviews your financial information to estimate how much you may be eligible to borrow.
Your lender will typically review:
- Income and Employment: Your earnings and employment history
- Credit Score: Your credit history and payment habits
- Monthly Debts: Car payments, credit cards, student loans, and other obligations
- Savings and Assets: Money available for your down payment and closing costs
You'll generally need:
- Recent pay stubs
- Bank statements
- Tax documents
Once your information is reviewed, you'll receive a pre-approval letter showing an estimated loan amount.
Why Does Pre-Approval Matter?
- Helps you understand your budget
- Shows sellers you're a serious buyer
- Identifies potential financing concerns early
Keep in mind that pre-approval is not a final loan approval. Your finances and the property will still need to meet the lender's requirements before closing.
2. Understand Your Credit Score
One of the most common questions first-time homebuyers ask is:
"What credit score do I need to buy a house?"
The answer depends on the mortgage program and your overall financial situation. The good news is that you don't need perfect credit to become a homeowner.
General Credit Guidelines
Conventional Loans
- Some programs allow credit scores starting around 620
FHA Loans
- Qualifying borrowers may be eligible with scores of 580 or higher and a 3.5% down payment
VA Loans
- Available to eligible veterans and service members
- The VA does not establish a universal minimum credit score, although lenders may have their own requirements
USDA Loans
- Offer eligible buyers the opportunity to purchase qualifying properties with no down payment
- Credit and other eligibility requirements apply
These are general guidelines and not guarantees of approval.
How Can You Improve Your Credit?
- Pay bills on time
- Keep credit card balances low
- Avoid opening unnecessary credit accounts
- Check your credit reports for errors
- Avoid taking on new debt before closing
If you're unsure whether your credit is ready for a mortgage, don't assume homeownership is out of reach. A conversation with a mortgage professional can help you understand your options.
3. How Much Do You Need for a Down Payment?
Here's a common misconception:
You do NOT need 20% down to buy your first home.
Many mortgage programs allow qualified buyers to purchase a home with much smaller down payments.
Common Down Payment Options
Conventional Loans
- As little as 3% down
FHA Loans
- Eligible buyers may qualify with 3.5% down
VA Loans
- Eligible borrowers may qualify with no down payment
USDA Loans
- Eligible buyers may qualify for 100% financing on qualifying properties
Down Payment Examples on a $200,000 home:
Down Payment Amount
3% $6,000
3.5% $7,000
5% $10,000
10% $20,000
20% $40,000
Your down payment can affect your monthly mortgage payment and whether mortgage insurance is required.
Are There Down Payment Assistance Programs in Indiana and Kentucky?
Yes. Both states offer programs that may help eligible homebuyers with upfront purchasing costs.
Indiana
- The Indiana Housing and Community Development Authority (IHCDA) offers homeownership programs that may include down payment assistance.
Kentucky
- The Kentucky Housing Corporation (KHC) offers mortgage and down payment assistance programs for qualifying homebuyers.
Program requirements, income limits, and availability vary. Some assistance programs may also require repayment.
If you're buying your first home in Indiana or Kentucky, it's worth asking about available assistance before assuming you need to save for the entire down payment yourself.
4. Don't Forget About Closing Costs
Your down payment isn't the only upfront expense when buying a home.
You'll also need to budget for closing costs.
Closing costs are fees associated with finalizing your mortgage and transferring ownership of the property.
Common Closing Costs Include:
- Appraisal fees
- Home inspection fees
- Title services
- Loan origination fees
- Recording fees
- Prepaid property taxes
- Homeowners insurance
As a general guideline, closing costs often range from approximately 2% to 5% of the home's purchase price, depending on the loan and transaction.
For example, on a $200,000 home, that could mean approximately $4,000 to $10,000 in closing costs.
Some mortgage programs and transactions allow approved assistance or seller concessions to help cover certain closing expenses.
Your lender will provide:
- A Loan Estimate after you apply
- A Closing Disclosure before closing
These documents allow you to review your expected costs before finalizing your purchase.
Pro Tip
Ask about closing costs early in the process so you can plan your savings and avoid surprises.
5. What to Expect During the Homebuying Process
Once you're pre-approved, you're ready to start looking for your first home.
While every transaction is different, here's a general overview of what happens next.
Step 1: Set Your Budget
Determine what monthly payment feels comfortable.
Remember to account for:
- Property taxes
- Homeowners insurance
- Mortgage insurance
- Utilities
- Maintenance costs
Step 2: Find a Real Estate Agent
A knowledgeable real estate agent can help you:
- Find properties
- Schedule showings
- Negotiate offers
Step 3: Make an Offer
Once you find a home you love, your agent can help prepare an offer.
If the seller accepts, you'll move forward with a purchase agreement.
Step 4: Complete the Inspection and Appraisal
A home inspection evaluates the property's condition, while an appraisal estimates its market value.
Both are important parts of the purchasing process.
Step 5: Complete Your Mortgage Approval
Your lender will:
- Verify your financial information
- Review the property
- Work through any remaining loan requirements
Be prepared to provide additional documents if requested.
Step 6: Review Your Closing Disclosure
Before closing, you'll receive a document outlining:
- Final loan terms
- Monthly payment
- Closing costs
Review it carefully and ask questions about anything you don't understand.
Step 7: Get Your Keys
At closing, you'll:
- Sign the necessary paperwork
- Pay any remaining funds due
- Finalize your purchase
Then comes the exciting part: getting the keys to your first home.
6. First-Time Homebuyer Mistakes to Avoid
Buying your first home is a learning experience. Avoiding a few common mistakes can make the process much smoother.
Skipping Pre-Approval
Understand your financing before seriously shopping for a home.
Assuming You Need 20% Down
Explore different loan programs and down payment assistance options.
Forgetting About Additional Expenses
Budget for:
- Property taxes
- Insurance
- Maintenance
- Closing costs
Making Major Purchases Before Closing
New loans and higher credit card balances can affect your mortgage approval.
Not Asking Questions
If you don't understand something, speak up.
Your mortgage lender is there to help guide you throughout the process.
7. Ready to Buy Your First Home in Indiana or Kentucky?
Buying your first home doesn't have to be overwhelming.
Understanding mortgage pre-approval, credit requirements, down payments, and closing costs can help you feel more prepared to take the next step.
And remember, you don't need perfect credit, a 20% down payment, or every detail figured out before starting the conversation.
At Riverside Mortgage, we're here to help homebuyers throughout Indiana and Kentucky understand their mortgage options and navigate the home financing process.
Whether you're just starting to explore homeownership, wondering what you qualify for, or ready to get pre-approved, we're happy to answer your questions.
Have Questions About Buying Your First Home?
Reach out to Riverside Mortgage today.
Let's talk about your options and help you take the first step toward help you take the first step toward homeownership.





